Acoustic echo is a common occurrence in today’s telecommunication systems. It occurs when an audio source and sink operate in full duplex mode; an example of this is a hands-free loudspeaker telephone. In this situation the received signal is output through the telephone loudspeaker (audio source), this audio signal is then reverberated through the physical environment and picked up by the systems microphone (audio sink). The effect is the return to the distant user of time delayed and attenuated images of their original speech signal. The signal interference caused by acoustic echo is distracting to both users and causes a reduction in the quality of the communication. Adaptive filtering techniques are used to reduce this unwanted echo thus increasing communication quality. The input signal of the adaptive filter is highly correlated and the impulse response of the echo path is very long. These characteristics will slow down the convergence rate of the adaptive filter if the well-known normalized least mean-square (NLMS) algorithm is used. The normalized subband adaptive filter (NSAF) offers a good solution to this problem because of its decorrelating property, Which requires a tradeoff between fast convergence rate and small steady state mean-square error (MSE). The proposed combination is carried out in sub band domain and the mixing parameter that controls the combination is adapted by means of a stochastic gradient algorithm which employs the sum of squared sub band errors as the cost function. For the adaptation of the component filters, in addition to the conventional decoupling update method, we also propose a coupling one, which can further improve the performance of the adaptive combination scheme.

CUDA(Compute Unified Device Architecture) is a novel technology of general-purpose computing on the GPU, which makes users develop general GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)programs easily . GPUs are emerging as platform of choice for Parallel High Performance Computing. GPUs are good at data intensive parallel processing with availability of software development platforms such as CUDA (developed by Nvidia for its Geforce series GPUs).Basic goal of CUDA is to help pro- grammars focus on the task of parallelization of the algorithms rather than spending time on their implementation. It supports the Heterogeneous computation where applications use both the CPU and GPU. In this paper we propose the implementation of sobel edge detection filter on GeForce GT 130 on MAC OS using CUDA and OpenGL .We reduces the Global Memory using kernel function. Also compare their results and performance to the previous implementation and it gives the more optimized results.

Here, we account for the fact that MAC protocols incorporate a finite number of transmission attempts per packet. The performance of a path depends not only on the number of the links on the path and the quality of its links, but also, on the relative positions of the links on the path based on this observation, we propose ETOP (Expected number of Transmissions On a Path), a path metric that captures the expected number of link layer transmissions required for reliable end-to-end packet delivery. We can analytically compute ETOP, which is not trivial, since ETOP is a non-commutative function of the link success probabilities. Although ETOP is a more involved metric, we show that the problem of computing paths with the minimum ETOP cost can be solved by a greedy algorithm. We will try to implement and evaluate a routing approach based on ETOP metric ton wireless network.

This paper is prepared with the objective to present an introduction to distributed databases through its two main parts: The first part, is about the fundamentals of distributed databases (DDBS). The Points discussed in this part is related to the motivations of DDBS, architecture, design, features & function, Pros & Cons, etc. In the second part, we include some of the research that has been done in this specific area of DDBS. The topics of this research include, query optimization, distribution optimization, fragmentation, optimization, and join optimization on the net. Some of the examples and results are been provided to demonstrate the topics we are presenting.

Selection of a genuine merchant is an important task for any Industry. In this paper the assessment and selection of a merchant is carried out through Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP is a pairwise comparison technique which compare the attributes and assess the quality level by considering its different characteristics which govern the qualitative aspect of the system. The factors identified for selection of a merchant are: Qualit,y, Cost, Service, Financial capability, Technical & Production capability through an Intense Literature Survey. On the basis of these factors and co – factors a model tree has been developed. The present methodology is dynamic in nature and takes into consideration Quality factors along with their predefined weightages before arriving at a selection.

Wireless Sensor Networks are being used in environment that was impossible earlier. WSNs are applicable in battlefield monitoring, underwater deployment and vehicle tracking. Applications areas and security features can be expanded many folds by integrating WSNs and RFID technology. The tracking network is being explored further with these new emerging technologies. This integrated technology enhances secure way to electronically follow an object. To make such tracking network RFID readers are experimented with Freescale Zigbee boards. This network would be able to track unique object passing nearby to the readers.

Intense globalization and competitiveness are the forces, which pressurizes the manufacturing industries to adopt various quality tools and techniques to remain their stake in the market. Simple additive weightage (SAW) is one of the quality technique, applied in measuring quality of manufacturing industries. Critical success factors affecting the quality of manufacturing industries are identified through intense literature survey.

Wireless Sensor Networks are being used in environment that was impossible earlier. WSNs are applicable in battlefield monitoring, underwater deployment and vehicle tracking. Applications areas and security features can be expanded many folds by integrating WSNs and RFID technology. The tracking network is being explored further with these new emerging technologies. This integrated technology enhances secure way to electronically follow an object. To make such tracking network RFID readers are experimented with Freescale Zigbee boards. This network would be able to track unique object passing nearby to the readers.

String matching is a profound problem in various fields and becomes a great challenge for running a program for pattern matching quickly and effectively with less or no complexities. The application of string matching or pattern matching is widely increased as new technologies are used in medical science, network security, forensic science, library sciences and many others for information detection and retrieval. Algorithms for string matching were designed since 1974 and till date lots of algorithms have been proposed. This analytical study presents the mechanism also called rules follows for pattern matching process. This includes analysis and correlations of suffix to prefix rule and substring matching rules with different cases, supported by appropriate figures and examples to justify the relations among them.